Effect of Throughflow on Marangoni Convection in Ferromagnetic Liquids with Variable Viscosity

The effect of surface tension and vertical throughflow in magnetic field and temperature sensitive liquid of Newtonian ferromagnetic type is examined. Combining shooting and Galerkin techniques the stationary critical eigenvalues are computed. On the ferroconvection onset, M3, non-buoyancy magnetic parameter and Pr (>1), Prandtl number have no influence. For upward or downward directions dual effect of destabilizing or stabilizing the system is observed in the presence of vertical throughflow. Throughflow effect studied through Pe, Peclet number delays ferroconvection onset and is observed to be independent to flow direction. M1, the magnetic buoyancy number, and V, the variable viscosity parameters have destabilizing influences on the system. Ferrofluids being fascinating materials are used as constant agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The great variety of magnetic fluids are tailored for technological, biological, medical and material science applications. � The Electrochemical Society